![]() ![]() Remember i before e, except after c, or when sounding like a as in neighbor and weigh: chief, ceiling oa is almost always used in 1 syllable words ONLY: boat, roast. ![]() ai is usually followed by an n or l: sail, main.ank, ink, onk, unk, ang, ing, ong, ung, am, an, allĪtypical long vowels – old (cold, gold), ind (find, blind), ild (wild, child), ost (ghost, most), olt (bolt, colt), old (cold, bold) Welded or glued sounds – groups of letters whose distinct sounds are difficult to separate when segmenting words. How do I know if I use silent e or a vowel digraph? Learn the words as homophones!Īl sounds like “ol” – ball, fall, hall, tall, call, walk, talk, salt Drop the silent e when adding a suffix that begins with a vowel, as in ed or ing, but NOT if the suffix begins with a consonant: hope, hop ed, hop ing, hopeful.e indicates when the letter g or c stands for its soft sound, as in cage or race.v does not appear at the end of words, so the silent e gives these words orthographic regularity, as in dove, love, shove, have.Silent e helps keep some words from looking like plurals, as in please ~ not pleas, and house ~ not hous.Silent e makes the vowel say its name, not its sound. ![]() Please see my Decodables page to get your copy of my 900-page short and long vowels document!Īn idea from Moats (2000) is to create words using the same two consonants to demonstrate the changes in the vowel sounds. When the letter’ s’ is after a vowel, another ‘s,’ or a voiced consonant, it is pronounced as /z/ – logs, tubes, passes.ĭigraphs – there can be consonant and vowel digraphsĬonsonant and vowel digraphs are 2 letters that make 1 sound – th, ch, sh, wh, ai, oa, ck, ee, ea, oo. When s is after an unvoiced consonant, it is pronounced as /s/ – hats, laughs, what’s, moths. Question words – who** – sounds different from the other wh question words, what, where, when, why, how, could, should, would (spell by saying “o u lucky dog” which is “ould”), do, does, did Silent letters – write, thumb, knife, gnawįLoSS rule – double f, l, s (and z) – if the word has 1 syllable ~ fluff, hill, mess (There are some exceptions, like bus, or when s sounds like z as in was or f sounds like v as in of.) Gh at the end of words/ph both have /f/ sound – cough, telephoneĬh can make 3 sounds – chase, Christmas, chef In the middle of words, the /j/ sound is usually represented by ge, gi, gy – (margin) except for the word pajamas. Words never end with j alone – age, gouge Words never end with v alone – have, brave, believe Otherwise, ge and gi sound like /j/ the u keeps the g hard. Gu makes the hard g sound – guest, guitar, guide. G usually sounds like j next to e, i, and y – gem, giraffe, gym – get and give are exceptions If a consonant touches the vowel, we don’t need the d: lunge, hinge “j” is NEVER used at the end of a word.Ĭ usually sounds like s next to e, i, and y – cent, city, cymbals If it’s a long vowel word, we don’t need the d: stage, huge. It’s there to touch the single short vowel. Otherwise, we don’t need it:ĭge words – the d is silent – judge, edge bridge. The “t” is there to touch the short vowel. Tch words – the t is silent – catch, hitch, stretch Wh words – the h is silent – whale, wheel, whipĬk or k – ck is used at the end of 1 syllable word after 1 short vowel: back, deck, clock c is used for the final /k/ sound when the word has 2 or more syllables: music, traffic, Atlantic, historic There is a vibration/ringing when these voiced sounds are made!Ĭonsonant blends make 2-3 sounds – br, cl, spl, sp, thr, squ, gl, pl. The ear has to be flattened out and blocked directly by the hand – long hair must be moved out of the way. Have your students firmly cover their ears and say all the letter sounds. (22% of the time, it says something else, e.g., /a/ in have.) Spelling Frequency pelling Rules and 44 Phonemes The attached PDF also shows the probability that when you see a word with, for example, a_e, it says long /A/ 78% of the time. The most frequent spelling of long a is at the end of open syllables, as in ba-con the second most frequent is a_e as in bake. ![]() Check out the frequency for each spelling, such as long /A/.$10 for the Spelling Rules & 44 Phonemes document. Types of Assessments, Goal Writing, Accommodations.Close Reading / Complex Texts / Test Taking.Best Practices for Comprehension, Decoding, & Fluency.Reading Comprehension & Interactive Learning Games.Family Engagement Activities in English & Spanish. ![]()
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